Sophiological and personalistic aspects of chaos conceptin F.I. Tyutchev's poetry interpretations in Russian Philosophy

Author: korolevaNV / Date: 30-09-2025 /
Publication Title: 
Sophiological and personalistic aspects of chaos conceptin F.I. Tyutchev's poetry interpretations in Russian Philosophy
Publication author(s): 
D.D. Romanov
Abstract: 

The concept of chaos occupies a general place in F.I. Tyutchev’s poetic images system, however, its relationship with freedom as an ontological category, which is conceptualized in Russian philosophy, represented in this study by sophiology and personalism tradition, is still poorly reflected. It is proved that the appeal to the philosophical systems of Solovyov, Frank and Bulgakov is caused by the specifics of Tyutchev's legacy understanding and similarity in conception of chaos as the substantial principle of reality. The results of modern domestic and foreign philosophical researches on the chaos conception in its connection with poetry, mysticism and the concepts of Russian religious thinkers are analyzed. It is argued that the most productive way to comprehend the chaotic principle mystical aspect may be to compare its representation in Tyutchev's lyrics and N.A. Berdyaev's ontological epistemology. The interpretation of freedom concept as a key characteristic of the chaos generative basis underlying the personalistic existence is proposed. The connections of chaos, freedom and personality categories with Ungrund concept are revealed, the lines of Berdyaev and Tyutchev's thoughts divergence in understanding the nature of Deity, cosmic hierarchy, personal reality, the path of Eros and Thanatos are outlined. Berdyaev's philosophy of freedom main aspects overview and his method of interpreting the mystical principle, causality and substance as a tool for Tyutchev's philosophical poetry discursive analysis is given. It is concluded that the correlation of freedom and chaos as the sophiological and personalistic concepts is carried out in Russian philosophy through the creative principle mystical understanding, inspiration and intuitive stimulus of which is Tyutchev's poetry.

References: 

(Sources)

Collected Works

  1. Tyutchev, F.I. Son na more [Dream in the sea], in Tyutchev, F.I. Polnoe sobanie sochineniy i pisem v 6 t., t. 1 [Complete Works and Letters in 6 vols., vol. 1]. Moscow: Izdatel'skiy tsentr «Klassika», 2002, p. 151.
  2. Tyutchev, F.I. O chem ty voesh', vetr nochnoy? [What are you howling about, night wind?], in Tyutchev, F.I. Polnoe sobanie sochineniy i pisem v 6 t., t. 1 [Complete Works and Letters in 6 vols., vol. 1]. Moscow: Izdatel'skiy tsentr «Klassika», 2002, p. 133.
  3. Tyutchev, F.I. Teni sizye smesilis' [The blue-grey shadows blended], in Tyutchev, F.I. Polnoe sobanie sochineniy i pisem v 6 t., t. 1 [Complete Works and Letters in 6 vols., vol. 1]. Moscow: Izdatel'skiy tsentr «Klassika», 2002, p. 159.
  4. Tyutchev–Bludovu. Nachalo 1860-kh gg. [Tyutchev–Bludov. Early 1860’s years], in Tyutchev, F.I. Polnoe sobanie sochineniy i pisem v 6 t., t. 6 [Complete Works and Letters in 6 vols., vol. 6]. Moscow: Izdatel'skiy tsentr «Klassika», 2004, pp. 66–67.

Individual Works

  1.  Banerjee, A. Chaos in Poetry, in Banerjee, A. D.H. Lawrence’s Poetry: Demon Liberated. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 1990, pp. 69–75.
  2. Berdyaev, N.A. Dukh i real'nost' [Spirit and reality], in Berdyaev, N.A. Dukh i real'nost' [Spirit and reality]. Moscow: Kharvest, 2011, pp. 3–198.
  3. Berdyaev, N.A. Filosofiya svobody [Philosophy of freedom]. Moscow: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2024. 279 p.
  4. Berdyaev, N.A. Filosofiya neravenstva (pis'ma k nedrugam po sotsial'noy filosofii) [Philosophy of inequality (Letters to the enemies in social philosophy)], in Berdyaev, N.A. Filosofiya neravenstva [Philosophy of inequality]. Moscow: Institut russkoy tsivilizatsii, 2012, pp. 19–303.
  5. Bulgakov, S.N. Svet nevecherniy [Non-evening light]. Moscow: Respublika, 1994. 416 p.
  6. Compton, M.S. Chaos and freedom: Nicolai Berdyaev and The Encounter with the West. New York: Library of Congress, 2022. 399 p.
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  11. Levitskiy, S.A. S.L. Frank [S.L. Frank], in Frank, S.L. Real'nost' i chelovek [Reality and a human]. Moscow: Respublika, 1997, pp. 438–450.
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  14. Solov'ev, V.S. Poeziya F.I. Tyutcheva [F.I. Tyutchev’s poetry], in Solov'ev, V.S. Filosofiya iskusstva i literaturnaya kritika [Philosophy of art and literary criticism]. Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1991, pp. 465–483.

(Articles from Scientific Journals)

  1. Gorynina, I.L. Traditsiya filosofskogo osmysleniya tvorchestva F.I. Tyutcheva (obzor materialov k sborniku «F.I. Tyutchev v russkoy filosofskoy kritike») [The tradition of F.I. Tyutchev's work's philosophical understanding (review of materials for the collection “F.I. Tyutchev in Russian Philosophical Criticism”)], in Vestnik Omskogo universiteta, 2003, no. 4, pp. 78–81.
  2. Hefner, Ph. God and Chaos: The Demi–Urge Versus the Ungrund, in Zygon(r), 2005, no. 19(4), pp. 469–485.
  3. Levit, S.Ya. Poeticheskaya filosofiya F.I. Tyutcheva [The poetic philosophy of F.I. Tyutchev], in Vestnik kul'turologii, 2020, no. 1(92), pp. 162–175.
  4. Mysovskikh, L.O. The formation of a unique paradigm of religious existentialism in the poetry of Fyodor Tyutchev, in Sententia. European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2022, no. 4, pp. 20–28.
  5. Nepomnyashchiy, I.B. Ob odnom iz vozmozhnykh istochnikov stat'i V. Solov'eva o Tyutcheve [About one of the possible sources of V. Solovyov's article about Tyutchev], in Solov'evskie issledovaniya, 2012, issue 1(33), pp. 70–74.
  6. Okeanskiy, V.P., Shirshova, I.A. Personologicheskie osobennosti sofiologii F.I. Tyutcheva [Personological features of F.I. Tyutchev's sophiology], in Solov'evskie issledovaniya, 2002, issue 2(4), pp. 178–189.
  7. Takho-Godi, E.A. The interactions between literature and philosophy: a view from Russia, in Studies in East European Thought, 2020, no. 72, pp. 195–203.

(Articles from Proceeding and Collections Researcher Papers)

  1. Smedes, T. Chaos: Where science and religion meet? A critical evaluation of the use of chaos theory in theology, in Gregersen, N.H., Görman, U., Meisinger H. (eds.) Studies in Science & Theology 8. Yearbook of the European Society for the Study of Science and Theology, 2002, no. 8, pp. 277–294.
  2. Toporov, V.N. Khaos pervobytnyy [The primal chaos], in Tokareva, S.A. (ed.) Mify narodov mira: Entsiklopediya v 2 t., t. 2 [World nation's myths: an encyclopedia in 2 vols., vol. 2]. Moscow: Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya, 1980, pp. 581–582.

(Monographs)

  1. Bychkov, V.V. Russkaya teurgicheskaya estetika [Russian theurgic aesthetics]. Moscow: Ladomir, 2007. 743 p.

(Electronic Resources)

  1. Golovanevskiy, A.L.  Mesto cheloveka i prirody v vodnoy i vozdushnoy stikhii F.I. Tyutcheva [The place of human and nature in the water and air elementalism of F.I. Tyutchev], in Uchenye zapiski. Elektronnyy nauchnyy zhurnal Kurskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2012, vol. 2, no. 3(23). Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/mesto-cheloveka-i-prirody-v-vodnoy-i-vozdushnoy-stihii-f-i-tyutcheva (Date of access: 14.10.2024).
Key words: 
Tyutchev's philosophical poetry, concept of chaos, concept of Ungrund, Apollonian, Dionysian, ontological gnoseology, personalistic-existential approach, V.S. Solovyov's sophiology, mysticism, cosmic hierarchy
2025. Issue 3 (87)
The DOI index: 
10.17588/2076-9210.2025.3.132-145
Publication file: 
str.132-145_87.pdf