N.A. Klyuev and F.-R. Lamenne: The image of the future through the prism of social Christianity
Publication Title:
N.A. Klyuev and F.-R. Lamenne: The image of the future through the prism of social Christianity
Abstract:
The article introduces, on evidentiary grounds, a previously unknown source of N.A. Klyuev's religious and philosophical ideas – the work of the ideologist of social Christianity F.R. Lamenne “The Words of a Believer” (“Paroles d'un croyant”). It is revealed that in his 1919 article “Red Alarm” Klyuyev included almost unchanged chapters 35 and 36 of this text translated by brothers Vladimir and Leonid Androusonov (1906 edition). It is assumed that Klyuev's acquaintance with the ideas of social Christianity first occurred in a revolutionary environment in the early 1900s, which determined the formation of a stable complex of philosophems in the poet's artistic consciousness, which is also fundamentally important not only for his works of the 1900s. (article “In Black Days”), but also for his work of 1917–1919: this is, first of all, an understanding of fundamental social transformations as “participation in God's plan” and the idea of the future as a “kingdom of justice and the kingdom of love” in which slavery and hunger will be eradicated, the lost universal brotherhood of people (“the brothers of Christ”) – restored, and the “God-man people” will rise again. The dramatic collision of Klyuev's life-creating myth is revealed: on the one hand, it is rooted in the idea of the need for the spiritual transformation of mankind, dating back to V.S. Solov'ev, and on the other – in the ideology of social Christianity with its understanding of the revolutionary struggle as a religious sacrifice, implying equal readiness for both heroic death for “brothers” and bloodshed as a means to achieve the “future kingdom”.
References:
(Sources)
Collected Works
1. Solov'ev, V.S. Opravdanie dobra. Nravstvennaya filosofiya [Justification of Goodness. Moral Philosophy], in Solov'ev, V.S. Sochineniya v 2 t., t. 1 [Works in 2 vols., vol. 1]. Moscow: Mysl', 1990, pp. 47–580.
2. Solov'ev, V.S. Tri rechi v pamyat' Dostoevskogo [Three Speeches in Memory of Dostoevsky], in Solov'ev, V.S. Sochineniya v 2 t., t. 2 [Works in 2 vols., vol. 2]. Moscow: Mysl', 1990, pp. 289–323.
3. Solov'ev, V.S. Iz filosofii istorii [From the philosophy of history], in Solov'ev, V.S. Sochineniya v 2 t., t. 2 [Works in 2 vols., vol. 2]. Moscow: Pravda, 1989, pp. 323–343.
4. Solov'ev, V.S. Ob upadke srednevekovogo mirosozertsaniya [On the decline of the medieval worldview], in Solov'ev, V.S. Sochineniya v 2 t., t. 2 [Works in 2 vols., vol. 2]. Moscow: Mysl', 1990, pp. 339–350.
5. Solov'ev, V.S. Kritika otvlechennykh nachal [Criticism of abstract principles], in Solov'ev V.S. Sochineniya v 2 t., t. 1 [Works in 2 vols., vol. 1]. Moscow: Mysl', 1990, pp. 581–757.
Individual Works
6. Bazanov, V.G. K tvorcheskim iskaniyam Bloka [Towards the creative quest of the Block], in A. Blok i sovremennost' [A. Blok and modernity]. Мoscow: Sovremennik, 1981, pp. 200–226.
7. Dostoevskiy, F.M. Besy. Roman v 3 ch. «Besy»: Antologiya russkoy kritiki [Demons. The novel is in three parts. “Demons”. An Anthology of Russian Criticism]. Мoscow: Soglasie, 1996. 743 p.
8. Klyuev, N.A. Pis'ma k Aleksandru Bloku: 1907–1915 [Letters to Alexander Blok: 1907–1915]. Мoscow: Progress-Pleyada, 2003. 366 p.
9. Klyuev, N.A. Serdtse Edinoroga: stikhotvoreniya i poemy [The Heart of the Unicorn: Poems and Poems]. Saint-Petersburg: Izdatel'stvo Russkogo khristianskogo gumanitarnogo instituta, 1999. 1071 p.
10. Klyuev, N.A. Slovesnoe drevo: Proza [The Word tree: prose]. Saint-Petersburg: Rostok, 2003. 684 p.
11. Lamenne, F.-R. Slova veruyushchego: Pamflet [The words of a believer: Pamphlet]. Saint-Petersburg: А.Е. Belyaev, 1906. 107 p.
12. Perri, M. K voprosu o «religioznosti» russkoy intelligentsii: religioznyy yazyk u eserov-terroristov nachala XX veka [On the question of the “religiosity” of the Russian intelligentsia: the religious language of the Socialist-Revolutionaries-terrorists of the early 20th century], in Russkaya intelligentsiya i zapadnyy intellektualizm: istoriya i tipologiya [Russian Intelligentsia and Western Intellectualism: History and Typology]. Мoscow: О. G. I., 1999, pp. 86–94.
13. Rozhdestvenskiy, T.S. Pamyatniki staroobryadcheskoy poezii [Monuments of Old Believer poetry]. Мoscow: Pechatnya A.I. Snegirevoy, 1909. 243 p.
14. Subbotin, S.I. N.A. Klyuev: poeziya 1905–1908 godov i proza 1919–1923 godov: voprosy istochnikovedeniya i atributsii. Diss. … kand. filol. nauk [N.A. Klyuev: the poetry of the 1905–1908-s. and the prose of the 1919–1923-s: the questions of source studies and attribution. Cand. philol. sci. diss.]. Мoscow, 2008. 172 p.
(Articles from Scientific Journals)
15. Evlampiev, I.I. «Neizbezhnyy nravstvennyy perevorot» i ideya revolyutsii v russkoy obshchestvenno-politicheskoy mysli XIX – nachala ХХ veka [“The inevitable moral revolution” and the idea of social revolution in Russian socio-political thought of the 19th – early 20th centuries], in Solov'evskie issledovaniya, 2023, issue 3(79), pp. 24–39.
16. Kibal'nik, S.A. «Khristianskiy sotsializm» ili «sotsial'noe khristianstvo»? (Gogol' i Dostoevskiy v istorii russkoy sotsial'no-filosofskoy mysli) [“Christian socialism” or “social Christianity”? (Gogol and Dostoevsky in the History of Russian Socio-philosophical Thought)], in Problemy istoricheskoy poetiki, 2017, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 70–93.
17. Kibal'nik, S.A. L.N. Tolstoy i «sotsial'noe khristianstvo» (Tolstoy o F.-R. de Lamenne) [L.N. Tolstoy and “Social Christianity” (Tolstoy on F.-R. de Lamenne)], in Kul'tura i tekst, 2019, no. 1(36), pp. 75–84.
18. Maksimov, M.V. Teokraticheskoe uchenie Vl. Solov'eva: otsenki i interpretatsii [V. Solovyov's Theocratic Teaching: assessments and Interpretations], in Solov'evskie issledovaniya, 2004, issue 1(8), pp. 150–172.
19. Nikitina, F.G. Idei Lamenne v Rossii [Lamenne's ideas in Russia], in Dostoevskiy i mirovaya kul'tura, 1997, no. 8, pp. 201–226.
20. Seregina, S.A. Ideya sotsial'nogo khristianstva v ranney lirike N.A. Klyueva [The idea of social Christianity in the early lyrics of N.A. Klyuev], in Problemy istoricheskoy poetiki, 2021, no. 19(3), pp. 238–254.
(Monographs)
21. Azadovskiy, K.M. Zhizn' Nikolaya Klyueva: Dokumental'noe povestvovanie [The Life of Nikolai Klyuev: A Documentary Narrative]. Saint-Petersburg: Zvezda, 2002. 365 p.
22. Gacheva, A.G. «Ideal ved' tozhe deystvitel'nost'…». Russkaya filosofiya i literatura [“The ideal is also a reality...”. Russian Philosophy and Literature]. Мoscow: Akademicheskiy proekt, 2019. 734 p.
23. Taratuta, E.A. S.M. Stepnyak-Kravchinskiy – revolyutsioner i pisatel' [S.M. Stepnyak-Kravchinsky is a revolutionary and writer]. Мoscow: Khudozhestvennaya literatura, 1973. 540 p.
Key words:
the religious and philosophical context of N.A. Klyuev's work, the ideas of F.-R. Lamennais in Russia, the philosophy of the religious transformation of mankind by V.S. Solovyov, social Christianity, the image of the future in the literary and philosophical tradition
The DOI index:
10.17588/2076-9210.2025.1.162-179
Publication file:
